...and back down 10%, what a difference a week makes
Dollar fights back aided by proceeds from sell-off
By Steve Johnson, Financial Times Published: May 19 2006 12:08Just as the travails of the diminishing US dollar hit the headlines of the world’s media, the greenback managed to post a rare gain.
A series of sharp falls had led the dollar to its lowest level since October 1997 in trade-weighted terms, leading to talk that this was the start of the structural decline many had long predicted.
That may still be so, but markets rarely move in straight lines and this week the dollar rose 1.6 per cent to $1.2727 to the euro, 2 per cent to Y111.86 against the yen, 1.1 per cent to $1.8737 versus sterling, 2.1 per cent to SFr1.2202 against the Swiss franc and 1.4 per cent to C$1.1253 against the Canadian dollar.
A myriad of explanations were presented to explain the move. One view was that the dollar was benefiting from a sell-off in equities, commodities and all things emerging market-related, with much of the proceeds being repatriated into dollars by US-based investors.
“This is a flow dominated market and we are seeing repatriation flows,” said David Bloom, currency analyst at HSBC. “People are cutting positions as volatility rises and getting their dollars back.”
The greenback also doubtless benefited from a retreat from risk in the currency market itself, amid signs that short-term speculative traders had built near record short-dollar positions.
However there were probably also other factors at play. A sharp dollar rally on Wednesday was driven by the first signs of pain in the eurozone. The market had been surprised by a wall of silence from European politicians and central bankers given the euro’s 9.4 per cent rise against the dollar so far this year, in sharp contrast to the howls of protest that ensued during the previous dollar sell-off in 2004.
But just as traders were starting to speculate that there might be some sort of tacit global accord to let the dollar fall evenly against all other major currencies, in the wake of the International Monetary Fund and G7 calling for greater currency flexibility, Thierry Breton, the French finance minister, broke ranks, saying that while the euro was currently in “tolerable ranges”, “everything” should be done to prevent it rising further.
Relative interest rate differentials, while losing much of their potency in the current market environment, also favoured the dollar this week. Strong US inflation data and hawkish commentary from Federal Reserve officials contrasted with diminished prospects for either a June Japanese rate rise or an imminent half-point hike in the eurozone.
However, the pound rose 0.5 per cent to £0.6790 against the euro and 0.7 per cent to Y209.60 against the yen as it emerged that one UK central banker voted for a rate rise this month.
Elsewhere a number of emerging market currencies struggled as newly risk averse-investors headed for the exits. The Turkish lira fell 6.2 per cent to TL1.483 to the dollar, while the South African rand fell 4.7 per cent to R6.5377 to the dollar, following gold prices lower.
Copper, oil and gold go into retreat
By Kevin Morrison, Financial Times
Published: May 19 2006 12:02Commodity markets succumbed to another sharp sell-off yesterday with copper, oil and gold prices all falling sharply, resulting in large declines for the week.
Such a broad decline pointed to selling from the commodity index funds, which have been a popular route into commodity market for retail, pension funds, endowments and mutual funds.
Jeremy Goldwyn, head of industrial commodities at Sucden, said there had been a sell-off across the board on Friday, which suggested that it was related to commodity index fund selling as investors in those funds may be getting nervous about the outlook for commodity prices, following the declines this week.
“There are signs that it is index selling, given the breadth of the sell-off. It is unusual to see such a broad-based decline unless it is fund related,” he said.
IPE Brent crude for July delivery reversed early gains to drop 95 cents to $68.72 a barrel in late afternoon trade, having spent much of the session above $70.
This is the first time in five weeks that it has finished the week below $70 and it follows a 5 per cent slide this week.
June Nymex West Texas Intermediate shed 85 cents to $68.60 a barrel in early afternoon New York trade, and has now fallen about 9 per cent from its record high reached more than three weeks ago.
The US crude oil and petroleum inventory data this week proved to be the catalyst for the retreat, after petrol stocks rose for the third consecutive week, easing fears of a supply crunch during the summer driving period, which unofficially starts next weekend.
About $90bn of funds track commodity indices, a six-fold increase in the past four years. The index funds also represent the largest single investment grouping in commodity markets, and is understood to be larger than the amount of hedge fund money in commodity markets.
However, in spite of the surge in commodity prices this year, the price performance of the two most popular indices in the sector, the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index and the AIG Commodity Index, have not been so strong.
Commodity indices are unlike stock market indices. They are determined by the underlying commodity prices and the ‘roll yield’, which is the income derived from rolling forward commodity futures before the contract expiry into the next deliverable month.
Gold prices fell about 4 per cent on Friday to $658.10/$658.40 a troy ounce in late trade, down almost 10 per cent from the 26-year high of $730 last Friday.
The slide this week is in tandem with a rise in the dollar.
Silver hit a three-week low of $12.11 on Friday, representing a near 20 per cent decline from the metal’s 26- year high of $15.17 last Thursday.
Copper, which has come to symbolise the bull run in metals prices this year, dropped more than $500 or 6 per cent on the day to $7,530 a tonne, down more than 14 per cent from its record high 10 days ago.
Similar falls were seen in aluminium, nickel, tin and zinc, which had all reached record or long-term highs in the previous week.
Even US corn prices were caught in the sell-off. Corn had risen about 40 per cent in the past six months as a greater proportion of the US corn crop is used for ethanol production.
July corn futures on the Chicago Board of Trade eased 6.5 cents to $2.53 a bushel on Friday.
Richard Bernstein, US strategist for Merrill Lynch, said there was a 50 per cent speculative premium in commodity markets at the end of April.
“With that type of premium built into commodities, liquidity is probably the primary driver of pricing,” Mr Bernstein said.
“It should be no surprise therefore that commodities have recently fallen,” he added as the Fed Funds futures markets have started to discount a higher probability of a tightening of US monetary policy.
Summer in the city could be sticky
By Philip Coggan, Financial Times Published: May 19 2006 12:52.....There are currently two all-encompassing views of the future of the global economy and financial markets. Both are plausible. Alas, they disagree violently. The recent market turmoil suggests the assumptions behind those views are being put to the test.
This week, Peter Oppenheimer of Goldman Sachs produced an excellent summary of the bullish case, albeit with the ugly title of Globology. His argument is that the opening-up of the global economy resembles the industrial revolution; it is producing a sustained rise in the economic growth rate without inflationary pressures.
A 25 per cent jump in the global labour force since 1990 (as ex-communist countries become part of the global economy) has shifted the balance of power in favour of the corporate sector and away from labour. The emergence of low-cost centres of production has slashed the prices of manufactured goods.
At the same time, the widespread use of technology has enabled companies to run their businesses much more efficiently.
All this has allowed profits to rise to a high level of gross domestic product (following a big dip after the bursting of the dotcom bubble). This level of profitability, believes Oppenheimer, can be sustained. Companies in the west have outsourced production (a significant source of volatility) to Asia. But the big rise in exports has allowed Asian countries to build up foreign exchange reserves, reducing the volatility of their economies.
A world of stronger growth, low inflation and less volatility should be very good news for risky assets. Those who took this view naturally had a positive outlook for equities.
The bears would dismiss these arguments as the classic “it’s different this time” rationalisation of the bulls. If profits are at a high, relative to GDP, that is a cyclical phenomenon. That should mean that investors give equities a lower valuation than average, as future profits growth is likely to be slower than GDP.
The bears argue that the sharp rise in asset prices is simply a function of loose monetary policy. A bear such as Marc Faber also argues that the US inflation rate is understated and the real rate is running at 5-6 per cent.
The rise in US core inflation, announced this week, will convince the inflation worriers they are on the right track. Whether things will become quite as apocalyptic as they suggest is hard to tell. But one thing does seem clear. The rosy assumptions of the optimistic school have come under question. The trade-off between growth and inflation may not be as good as they suggest.
Unless and until the data start to look benign again, investors may face a very tricky and very volatile summer.